Nephrology Board Exam Started: Jul 13, 2026 07:48 Page 16 of 55 Attempt #2319 Overall: 0 / 274 questions answered Question 76 / 274 Not answered During ward handover: a 60-year-old man is evaluated for hematuria with RBC casts in the context of long-standing hypertension. Which is the most appropriate next investigation? A. Urinalysis with microscopy B. Serum potassium with ECG C. Urine protein-to-creatinine ratio D. Kidney biopsy when indicated E. Renal ultrasound Show Answer & Explanation Correct Answer: D Explanation: Kidney biopsy when indicated is the most appropriate next test because it directly clarifies the leading diagnosis and guides immediate management in Nephrology. Reference: KDIGO CKD Guideline; Nephrology topic-specific current guideline update Comments & Discussion No comments yet. Be the first to comment! Your Name * Your Comment * (Max 200 chars) 200 characters remaining Post Comment Comments remaining this hour: 10/10 Question 77 / 274 Not answered A 35-year-old with gross hematuria proteinuria and hypertension. Kidney biopsy shows IGA nephropathy. Most appropriate therapy: A. No treatment needed B. RAAS inhibitors and corticosteroids if needed C. Immediate dialysis D. Antibiotics E. Diuretics only Show Answer & Explanation Correct Answer: B Explanation: ACE inhibitors or ARBs are first-line to reduce proteinuria and slow progression in IGA nephropathy. Reference: Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes Comments & Discussion No comments yet. Be the first to comment! Your Name * Your Comment * (Max 200 chars) 200 characters remaining Post Comment Comments remaining this hour: 10/10 Question 78 / 274 Not answered During a primary-care follow-up visit: a 55-year-old man has oliguria with rising creatinine with risk profile of diabetes. After initial stabilization and assessment, what is the most appropriate management step? A. Nephrotoxin avoidance strategy B. Renin-angiotensin system blockade when indicated C. Urgent hyperkalemia stabilization protocol D. Blood pressure optimization in CKD E. Timely renal replacement therapy for urgent indications Show Answer & Explanation Correct Answer: D Explanation: Blood pressure optimization in CKD is preferred because it aligns with guideline-based care priorities, reduces avoidable complications, and supports safe outcomes in Nephrology. Reference: ASN/ERA Position Statements Comments & Discussion No comments yet. Be the first to comment! Your Name * Your Comment * (Max 200 chars) 200 characters remaining Post Comment Comments remaining this hour: 10/10 Question 79 / 274 Not answered During a primary-care follow-up visit: a 30-year-old woman is evaluated for generalized edema with heavy proteinuria in the context of autoimmune disease. Which is the most appropriate next investigation? A. Autoimmune nephritic screen B. Serum potassium with ECG C. Urinalysis with microscopy D. Urine protein-to-creatinine ratio E. Kidney biopsy when indicated Show Answer & Explanation Correct Answer: D Explanation: Urine protein-to-creatinine ratio is the most appropriate next test because it directly clarifies the leading diagnosis and guides immediate management in Nephrology. Reference: KDIGO AKI Guideline; Nephrology topic-specific current guideline update Comments & Discussion No comments yet. Be the first to comment! Your Name * Your Comment * (Max 200 chars) 200 characters remaining Post Comment Comments remaining this hour: 10/10 Question 80 / 274 Not answered At a multidisciplinary case conference: a 44-year-old woman presents with uremic symptoms. Relevant risk context includes prostatic enlargement. What is the most likely diagnosis? A. Rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis B. Obstructive uropathy C. Hyperkalemic emergency D. Chronic kidney disease progression E. Acute kidney injury Show Answer & Explanation Correct Answer: A Explanation: The pattern of uremic symptoms with risk factors such as prostatic enlargement is most consistent with Rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis. This answer best matches the expected diagnostic framework for Nephrology. Reference: ASN/ERA Position Statements Comments & Discussion No comments yet. Be the first to comment! Your Name * Your Comment * (Max 200 chars) 200 characters remaining Post Comment Comments remaining this hour: 10/10 Cancel « ← Previous Page 16 of 55 Next → »