Nephrology Board Exam Started: Jul 13, 2026 09:36 Page 18 of 55 Attempt #2516 Overall: 0 / 274 questions answered Question 86 / 274 Not answered At a multidisciplinary case conference: a 24-year-old woman has hematuria with RBC casts with risk profile of long-standing hypertension. After initial stabilization and assessment, what is the most appropriate management step? A. Renin-angiotensin system blockade when indicated B. Nephrotoxin avoidance strategy C. Blood pressure optimization in CKD D. Timely renal replacement therapy for urgent indications E. Volume status-guided AKI management Show Answer & Explanation Correct Answer: A Explanation: Renin-angiotensin system blockade when indicated is preferred because it aligns with guideline-based care priorities, reduces avoidable complications, and supports safe outcomes in Nephrology. Reference: ASN/ERA Position Statements Comments & Discussion No comments yet. Be the first to comment! Your Name * Your Comment * (Max 200 chars) 200 characters remaining Post Comment Comments remaining this hour: 10/10 Question 87 / 274 Not answered In an outpatient specialty clinic: a 82-year-old man is evaluated for generalized edema with heavy proteinuria in the context of long-standing hypertension. Which is the most appropriate next investigation? A. Serum potassium with ECG B. Renal ultrasound C. Autoimmune nephritic screen D. Urine protein-to-creatinine ratio E. Kidney biopsy when indicated Show Answer & Explanation Correct Answer: B Explanation: Renal ultrasound is the most appropriate next test because it directly clarifies the leading diagnosis and guides immediate management in Nephrology. Reference: NICE CKD Guidance; Nephrology topic-specific current guideline update Comments & Discussion No comments yet. Be the first to comment! Your Name * Your Comment * (Max 200 chars) 200 characters remaining Post Comment Comments remaining this hour: 10/10 Question 88 / 274 Not answered During ward handover: a 52-year-old man is evaluated for muscle weakness with peaked T waves in the context of autoimmune disease. Which is the most appropriate next investigation? A. Urinalysis with microscopy B. Autoimmune nephritic screen C. Urine protein-to-creatinine ratio D. Serum potassium with ECG E. Renal ultrasound Show Answer & Explanation Correct Answer: E Explanation: Renal ultrasound is the most appropriate next test because it directly clarifies the leading diagnosis and guides immediate management in Nephrology. Reference: KDIGO AKI Guideline; Nephrology topic-specific current guideline update Comments & Discussion No comments yet. Be the first to comment! Your Name * Your Comment * (Max 200 chars) 200 characters remaining Post Comment Comments remaining this hour: 10/10 Question 89 / 274 Not answered In an outpatient specialty clinic: a 28-year-old man has uremic symptoms with risk profile of prostatic enlargement. After initial stabilization and assessment, what is the most appropriate management step? A. Urgent hyperkalemia stabilization protocol B. Renin-angiotensin system blockade when indicated C. Nephrotoxin avoidance strategy D. Blood pressure optimization in CKD E. Volume status-guided AKI management Show Answer & Explanation Correct Answer: E Explanation: Volume status-guided AKI management is preferred because it aligns with guideline-based care priorities, reduces avoidable complications, and supports safe outcomes in Nephrology. Reference: KDIGO AKI Guideline; Nephrology topic-specific current guideline update Comments & Discussion No comments yet. Be the first to comment! Your Name * Your Comment * (Max 200 chars) 200 characters remaining Post Comment Comments remaining this hour: 10/10 Question 90 / 274 Not answered During morning rounds: a 67-year-old man is evaluated for hematuria with RBC casts in the context of diabetes. Which is the most appropriate next investigation? A. Urinalysis with microscopy B. Serum potassium with ECG C. Kidney biopsy when indicated D. Autoimmune nephritic screen E. Renal ultrasound Show Answer & Explanation Correct Answer: E Explanation: Renal ultrasound is the most appropriate next test because it directly clarifies the leading diagnosis and guides immediate management in Nephrology. Reference: KDIGO AKI Guideline; Nephrology topic-specific current guideline update Comments & Discussion No comments yet. Be the first to comment! Your Name * Your Comment * (Max 200 chars) 200 characters remaining Post Comment Comments remaining this hour: 10/10 Cancel « ← Previous Page 18 of 55 Next → »