Nephrology Board Exam Started: Jul 13, 2026 19:55 Page 26 of 55 Attempt #2925 Overall: 0 / 274 questions answered Question 126 / 274 Not answered At a preventive-care consultation: a 31-year-old woman is evaluated for oliguria with rising creatinine in the context of prostatic enlargement. Which is the most appropriate next investigation? A. Urinalysis with microscopy B. Renal ultrasound C. Kidney biopsy when indicated D. Autoimmune nephritic screen E. Serum potassium with ECG Show Answer & Explanation Correct Answer: B Explanation: Renal ultrasound is the most appropriate next test because it directly clarifies the leading diagnosis and guides immediate management in Nephrology. Reference: ASN/ERA Position Statements Comments & Discussion No comments yet. Be the first to comment! Your Name * Your Comment * (Max 200 chars) 200 characters remaining Post Comment Comments remaining this hour: 10/10 Question 127 / 274 Not answered In an outpatient specialty clinic: a 66-year-old man has oliguria with rising creatinine with risk profile of long-standing hypertension. After initial stabilization and assessment, what is the most appropriate management step? A. Timely renal replacement therapy for urgent indications B. Urgent hyperkalemia stabilization protocol C. Nephrotoxin avoidance strategy D. Blood pressure optimization in CKD E. Renin-angiotensin system blockade when indicated Show Answer & Explanation Correct Answer: E Explanation: Renin-angiotensin system blockade when indicated is preferred because it aligns with guideline-based care priorities, reduces avoidable complications, and supports safe outcomes in Nephrology. Reference: KDIGO AKI Guideline; Nephrology topic-specific current guideline update Comments & Discussion No comments yet. Be the first to comment! Your Name * Your Comment * (Max 200 chars) 200 characters remaining Post Comment Comments remaining this hour: 10/10 Question 128 / 274 Not answered During ward handover: a 64-year-old man presents with oliguria with rising creatinine. Relevant risk context includes prostatic enlargement. What is the most likely diagnosis? A. Chronic kidney disease progression B. Acute kidney injury C. Obstructive uropathy D. Rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis E. Hyperkalemic emergency Show Answer & Explanation Correct Answer: C Explanation: The pattern of oliguria with rising creatinine with risk factors such as prostatic enlargement is most consistent with Obstructive uropathy. This answer best matches the expected diagnostic framework for Nephrology. Reference: NICE CKD Guidance; Nephrology topic-specific current guideline update Comments & Discussion No comments yet. Be the first to comment! Your Name * Your Comment * (Max 200 chars) 200 characters remaining Post Comment Comments remaining this hour: 10/10 Question 129 / 274 Not answered During ward handover: a 39-year-old man is evaluated for oliguria with rising creatinine in the context of recent nephrotoxin exposure. Which is the most appropriate next investigation? A. Kidney biopsy when indicated B. Renal ultrasound C. Serum potassium with ECG D. Autoimmune nephritic screen E. Urinalysis with microscopy Show Answer & Explanation Correct Answer: B Explanation: Renal ultrasound is the most appropriate next test because it directly clarifies the leading diagnosis and guides immediate management in Nephrology. Reference: KDIGO CKD Guideline; Nephrology topic-specific current guideline update Comments & Discussion No comments yet. Be the first to comment! Your Name * Your Comment * (Max 200 chars) 200 characters remaining Post Comment Comments remaining this hour: 10/10 Question 130 / 274 Not answered During a primary-care follow-up visit: a 72-year-old man presents with oliguria with rising creatinine. Relevant risk context includes long-standing hypertension. What is the most likely diagnosis? A. Chronic kidney disease progression B. Rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis C. Hyperkalemic emergency D. Obstructive uropathy E. Acute kidney injury Show Answer & Explanation Correct Answer: E Explanation: The pattern of oliguria with rising creatinine with risk factors such as long-standing hypertension is most consistent with Acute kidney injury. This answer best matches the expected diagnostic framework for Nephrology. Reference: KDIGO AKI Guideline; Nephrology topic-specific current guideline update Comments & Discussion No comments yet. Be the first to comment! Your Name * Your Comment * (Max 200 chars) 200 characters remaining Post Comment Comments remaining this hour: 10/10 Cancel « ← Previous Page 26 of 55 Next → »