Nephrology Board Exam Started: Jul 13, 2026 22:24 Page 27 of 55 Attempt #2970 Overall: 0 / 274 questions answered Question 131 / 274 Not answered At a preventive-care consultation: a 63-year-old woman is evaluated for uremic symptoms in the context of prostatic enlargement. Which is the most appropriate next investigation? A. Kidney biopsy when indicated B. Autoimmune nephritic screen C. Urine protein-to-creatinine ratio D. Serum potassium with ECG E. Urinalysis with microscopy Show Answer & Explanation Correct Answer: C Explanation: Urine protein-to-creatinine ratio is the most appropriate next test because it directly clarifies the leading diagnosis and guides immediate management in Nephrology. Reference: ASN/ERA Position Statements Comments & Discussion No comments yet. Be the first to comment! Your Name * Your Comment * (Max 200 chars) 200 characters remaining Post Comment Comments remaining this hour: 10/10 Question 132 / 274 Not answered During a primary-care follow-up visit: a 44-year-old woman presents with hematuria with RBC casts. Relevant risk context includes autoimmune disease. What is the most likely diagnosis? A. Chronic kidney disease progression B. Hyperkalemic emergency C. Acute kidney injury D. Rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis E. Nephrotic syndrome Show Answer & Explanation Correct Answer: A Explanation: The pattern of hematuria with RBC casts with risk factors such as autoimmune disease is most consistent with Chronic kidney disease progression. This answer best matches the expected diagnostic framework for Nephrology. Reference: NICE CKD Guidance; Nephrology topic-specific current guideline update Comments & Discussion No comments yet. Be the first to comment! Your Name * Your Comment * (Max 200 chars) 200 characters remaining Post Comment Comments remaining this hour: 10/10 Question 133 / 274 Not answered At a multidisciplinary case conference: a 31-year-old man presents with uremic symptoms. Relevant risk context includes volume depletion. What is the most likely diagnosis? A. Nephrotic syndrome B. Rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis C. Hyperkalemic emergency D. Obstructive uropathy E. Chronic kidney disease progression Show Answer & Explanation Correct Answer: C Explanation: The pattern of uremic symptoms with risk factors such as volume depletion is most consistent with Hyperkalemic emergency. This answer best matches the expected diagnostic framework for Nephrology. Reference: ASN/ERA Position Statements Comments & Discussion No comments yet. Be the first to comment! Your Name * Your Comment * (Max 200 chars) 200 characters remaining Post Comment Comments remaining this hour: 10/10 Question 134 / 274 Not answered In an emergency department assessment: a 78-year-old woman presents with uremic symptoms. Relevant risk context includes volume depletion. What is the most likely diagnosis? A. Hyperkalemic emergency B. Obstructive uropathy C. Nephrotic syndrome D. Chronic kidney disease progression E. Rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis Show Answer & Explanation Correct Answer: A Explanation: The pattern of uremic symptoms with risk factors such as volume depletion is most consistent with Hyperkalemic emergency. This answer best matches the expected diagnostic framework for Nephrology. Reference: NICE CKD Guidance; Nephrology topic-specific current guideline update Comments & Discussion No comments yet. Be the first to comment! Your Name * Your Comment * (Max 200 chars) 200 characters remaining Post Comment Comments remaining this hour: 10/10 Question 135 / 274 Not answered During ward handover: a 28-year-old woman has hydronephrosis with post-void retention with risk profile of long-standing hypertension. After initial stabilization and assessment, what is the most appropriate management step? A. Urgent hyperkalemia stabilization protocol B. Nephrotoxin avoidance strategy C. Timely renal replacement therapy for urgent indications D. Renin-angiotensin system blockade when indicated E. Volume status-guided AKI management Show Answer & Explanation Correct Answer: E Explanation: Volume status-guided AKI management is preferred because it aligns with guideline-based care priorities, reduces avoidable complications, and supports safe outcomes in Nephrology. Reference: KDIGO CKD Guideline; Nephrology topic-specific current guideline update Comments & Discussion No comments yet. Be the first to comment! Your Name * Your Comment * (Max 200 chars) 200 characters remaining Post Comment Comments remaining this hour: 10/10 Cancel « ← Previous Page 27 of 55 Next → »