Nephrology Board Exam Started: Jul 13, 2026 20:38 Page 30 of 55 Attempt #2940 Overall: 0 / 274 questions answered Question 146 / 274 Not answered During ward handover: a 32-year-old woman is evaluated for oliguria with rising creatinine in the context of volume depletion. Which is the most appropriate next investigation? A. Serum potassium with ECG B. Kidney biopsy when indicated C. Autoimmune nephritic screen D. Urinalysis with microscopy E. Urine protein-to-creatinine ratio Show Answer & Explanation Correct Answer: D Explanation: Urinalysis with microscopy is the most appropriate next test because it directly clarifies the leading diagnosis and guides immediate management in Nephrology. Reference: ASN/ERA Position Statements Comments & Discussion No comments yet. Be the first to comment! Your Name * Your Comment * (Max 200 chars) 200 characters remaining Post Comment Comments remaining this hour: 10/10 Question 147 / 274 Not answered In an emergency department assessment: a 75-year-old woman is evaluated for uremic symptoms in the context of autoimmune disease. Which is the most appropriate next investigation? A. Kidney biopsy when indicated B. Renal ultrasound C. Urinalysis with microscopy D. Urine protein-to-creatinine ratio E. Autoimmune nephritic screen Show Answer & Explanation Correct Answer: D Explanation: Urine protein-to-creatinine ratio is the most appropriate next test because it directly clarifies the leading diagnosis and guides immediate management in Nephrology. Reference: KDIGO AKI Guideline; Nephrology topic-specific current guideline update Comments & Discussion No comments yet. Be the first to comment! Your Name * Your Comment * (Max 200 chars) 200 characters remaining Post Comment Comments remaining this hour: 10/10 Question 148 / 274 Not answered During a primary-care follow-up visit: a 78-year-old man is evaluated for hydronephrosis with post-void retention in the context of diabetes. Which is the most appropriate next investigation? A. Kidney biopsy when indicated B. Serum potassium with ECG C. Renal ultrasound D. Urine protein-to-creatinine ratio E. Urinalysis with microscopy Show Answer & Explanation Correct Answer: D Explanation: Urine protein-to-creatinine ratio is the most appropriate next test because it directly clarifies the leading diagnosis and guides immediate management in Nephrology. Reference: KDIGO AKI Guideline; Nephrology topic-specific current guideline update Comments & Discussion No comments yet. Be the first to comment! Your Name * Your Comment * (Max 200 chars) 200 characters remaining Post Comment Comments remaining this hour: 10/10 Question 149 / 274 Not answered In an outpatient specialty clinic: a 43-year-old man is evaluated for uremic symptoms in the context of prostatic enlargement. Which is the most appropriate next investigation? A. Serum potassium with ECG B. Urinalysis with microscopy C. Urine protein-to-creatinine ratio D. Kidney biopsy when indicated E. Autoimmune nephritic screen Show Answer & Explanation Correct Answer: E Explanation: Autoimmune nephritic screen is the most appropriate next test because it directly clarifies the leading diagnosis and guides immediate management in Nephrology. Reference: KDIGO AKI Guideline; Nephrology topic-specific current guideline update Comments & Discussion No comments yet. Be the first to comment! Your Name * Your Comment * (Max 200 chars) 200 characters remaining Post Comment Comments remaining this hour: 10/10 Question 150 / 274 Not answered During ward handover: a 62-year-old woman has muscle weakness with peaked T waves with risk profile of prostatic enlargement. After initial stabilization and assessment, what is the most appropriate management step? A. Renin-angiotensin system blockade when indicated B. Blood pressure optimization in CKD C. Nephrotoxin avoidance strategy D. Volume status-guided AKI management E. Timely renal replacement therapy for urgent indications Show Answer & Explanation Correct Answer: D Explanation: Volume status-guided AKI management is preferred because it aligns with guideline-based care priorities, reduces avoidable complications, and supports safe outcomes in Nephrology. Reference: KDIGO AKI Guideline; Nephrology topic-specific current guideline update Comments & Discussion No comments yet. Be the first to comment! Your Name * Your Comment * (Max 200 chars) 200 characters remaining Post Comment Comments remaining this hour: 10/10 Cancel « ← Previous Page 30 of 55 Next → »