Nephrology Board Exam Started: Jul 13, 2026 13:27 Page 34 of 55 Attempt #2756 Overall: 0 / 274 questions answered Question 166 / 274 Not answered During a primary-care follow-up visit: a 64-year-old man is evaluated for uremic symptoms in the context of diabetes. Which is the most appropriate next investigation? A. Kidney biopsy when indicated B. Renal ultrasound C. Urinalysis with microscopy D. Urine protein-to-creatinine ratio E. Serum potassium with ECG Show Answer & Explanation Correct Answer: B Explanation: Renal ultrasound is the most appropriate next test because it directly clarifies the leading diagnosis and guides immediate management in Nephrology. Reference: NICE CKD Guidance; Nephrology topic-specific current guideline update Comments & Discussion No comments yet. Be the first to comment! Your Name * Your Comment * (Max 200 chars) 200 characters remaining Post Comment Comments remaining this hour: 10/10 Question 167 / 274 Not answered During morning rounds: a 70-year-old man presents with hematuria with RBC casts. Relevant risk context includes long-standing hypertension. What is the most likely diagnosis? A. Chronic kidney disease progression B. Obstructive uropathy C. Rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis D. Acute kidney injury E. Nephrotic syndrome Show Answer & Explanation Correct Answer: D Explanation: The pattern of hematuria with RBC casts with risk factors such as long-standing hypertension is most consistent with Acute kidney injury. This answer best matches the expected diagnostic framework for Nephrology. Reference: NICE CKD Guidance; Nephrology topic-specific current guideline update Comments & Discussion No comments yet. Be the first to comment! Your Name * Your Comment * (Max 200 chars) 200 characters remaining Post Comment Comments remaining this hour: 10/10 Question 168 / 274 Not answered At a preventive-care consultation: a 41-year-old woman has hematuria with RBC casts with risk profile of prostatic enlargement. After initial stabilization and assessment, what is the most appropriate management step? A. Urgent hyperkalemia stabilization protocol B. Nephrotoxin avoidance strategy C. Timely renal replacement therapy for urgent indications D. Volume status-guided AKI management E. Renin-angiotensin system blockade when indicated Show Answer & Explanation Correct Answer: D Explanation: Volume status-guided AKI management is preferred because it aligns with guideline-based care priorities, reduces avoidable complications, and supports safe outcomes in Nephrology. Reference: KDIGO AKI Guideline; Nephrology topic-specific current guideline update Comments & Discussion No comments yet. Be the first to comment! Your Name * Your Comment * (Max 200 chars) 200 characters remaining Post Comment Comments remaining this hour: 10/10 Question 169 / 274 Not answered In an outpatient specialty clinic: a 69-year-old woman has oliguria with rising creatinine with risk profile of prostatic enlargement. After initial stabilization and assessment, what is the most appropriate management step? A. Timely renal replacement therapy for urgent indications B. Volume status-guided AKI management C. Blood pressure optimization in CKD D. Nephrotoxin avoidance strategy E. Renin-angiotensin system blockade when indicated Show Answer & Explanation Correct Answer: C Explanation: Blood pressure optimization in CKD is preferred because it aligns with guideline-based care priorities, reduces avoidable complications, and supports safe outcomes in Nephrology. Reference: KDIGO AKI Guideline; Nephrology topic-specific current guideline update Comments & Discussion No comments yet. Be the first to comment! Your Name * Your Comment * (Max 200 chars) 200 characters remaining Post Comment Comments remaining this hour: 10/10 Question 170 / 274 Not answered At a multidisciplinary case conference: a 65-year-old woman is evaluated for hydronephrosis with post-void retention in the context of prostatic enlargement. Which is the most appropriate next investigation? A. Urine protein-to-creatinine ratio B. Autoimmune nephritic screen C. Serum potassium with ECG D. Urinalysis with microscopy E. Renal ultrasound Show Answer & Explanation Correct Answer: E Explanation: Renal ultrasound is the most appropriate next test because it directly clarifies the leading diagnosis and guides immediate management in Nephrology. Reference: NICE CKD Guidance; Nephrology topic-specific current guideline update Comments & Discussion No comments yet. Be the first to comment! Your Name * Your Comment * (Max 200 chars) 200 characters remaining Post Comment Comments remaining this hour: 10/10 Cancel « ← Previous Page 34 of 55 Next → »