Nephrology Board Exam Started: Jul 13, 2026 12:41 Page 35 of 55 Attempt #2716 Overall: 0 / 274 questions answered Question 171 / 274 Not answered During morning rounds: a 64-year-old woman is evaluated for hematuria with RBC casts in the context of diabetes. Which is the most appropriate next investigation? A. Urinalysis with microscopy B. Autoimmune nephritic screen C. Renal ultrasound D. Serum potassium with ECG E. Urine protein-to-creatinine ratio Show Answer & Explanation Correct Answer: B Explanation: Autoimmune nephritic screen is the most appropriate next test because it directly clarifies the leading diagnosis and guides immediate management in Nephrology. Reference: NICE CKD Guidance; Nephrology topic-specific current guideline update Comments & Discussion No comments yet. Be the first to comment! Your Name * Your Comment * (Max 200 chars) 200 characters remaining Post Comment Comments remaining this hour: 10/10 Question 172 / 274 Not answered In an emergency department assessment: a 64-year-old woman is evaluated for hydronephrosis with post-void retention in the context of volume depletion. Which is the most appropriate next investigation? A. Autoimmune nephritic screen B. Urine protein-to-creatinine ratio C. Kidney biopsy when indicated D. Serum potassium with ECG E. Urinalysis with microscopy Show Answer & Explanation Correct Answer: E Explanation: Urinalysis with microscopy is the most appropriate next test because it directly clarifies the leading diagnosis and guides immediate management in Nephrology. Reference: KDIGO CKD Guideline; Nephrology topic-specific current guideline update Comments & Discussion No comments yet. Be the first to comment! Your Name * Your Comment * (Max 200 chars) 200 characters remaining Post Comment Comments remaining this hour: 10/10 Question 173 / 274 Not answered At a multidisciplinary case conference: a 38-year-old man is evaluated for uremic symptoms in the context of autoimmune disease. Which is the most appropriate next investigation? A. Renal ultrasound B. Urine protein-to-creatinine ratio C. Kidney biopsy when indicated D. Autoimmune nephritic screen E. Urinalysis with microscopy Show Answer & Explanation Correct Answer: A Explanation: Renal ultrasound is the most appropriate next test because it directly clarifies the leading diagnosis and guides immediate management in Nephrology. Reference: ASN/ERA Position Statements Comments & Discussion No comments yet. Be the first to comment! Your Name * Your Comment * (Max 200 chars) 200 characters remaining Post Comment Comments remaining this hour: 10/10 Question 174 / 274 Not answered In an outpatient specialty clinic: a 35-year-old man is evaluated for uremic symptoms in the context of diabetes. Which is the most appropriate next investigation? A. Urine protein-to-creatinine ratio B. Urinalysis with microscopy C. Kidney biopsy when indicated D. Renal ultrasound E. Autoimmune nephritic screen Show Answer & Explanation Correct Answer: A Explanation: Urine protein-to-creatinine ratio is the most appropriate next test because it directly clarifies the leading diagnosis and guides immediate management in Nephrology. Reference: KDIGO CKD Guideline; Nephrology topic-specific current guideline update Comments & Discussion No comments yet. Be the first to comment! Your Name * Your Comment * (Max 200 chars) 200 characters remaining Post Comment Comments remaining this hour: 10/10 Question 175 / 274 Not answered In an emergency department assessment: a 49-year-old woman is evaluated for muscle weakness with peaked T waves in the context of volume depletion. Which is the most appropriate next investigation? A. Serum potassium with ECG B. Urine protein-to-creatinine ratio C. Renal ultrasound D. Urinalysis with microscopy E. Autoimmune nephritic screen Show Answer & Explanation Correct Answer: B Explanation: Urine protein-to-creatinine ratio is the most appropriate next test because it directly clarifies the leading diagnosis and guides immediate management in Nephrology. Reference: ASN/ERA Position Statements Comments & Discussion No comments yet. Be the first to comment! Your Name * Your Comment * (Max 200 chars) 200 characters remaining Post Comment Comments remaining this hour: 10/10 Cancel « ← Previous Page 35 of 55 Next → »