Nephrology Board Exam Started: Jul 13, 2026 10:12 Page 38 of 55 Attempt #2599 Overall: 0 / 274 questions answered Question 186 / 274 Not answered In an emergency department assessment: a 70-year-old woman presents with oliguria with rising creatinine. Relevant risk context includes volume depletion. What is the most likely diagnosis? A. Chronic kidney disease progression B. Nephrotic syndrome C. Obstructive uropathy D. Acute kidney injury E. Rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis Show Answer & Explanation Correct Answer: E Explanation: The pattern of oliguria with rising creatinine with risk factors such as volume depletion is most consistent with Rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis. This answer best matches the expected diagnostic framework for Nephrology. Reference: NICE CKD Guidance; Nephrology topic-specific current guideline update Comments & Discussion No comments yet. Be the first to comment! Your Name * Your Comment * (Max 200 chars) 200 characters remaining Post Comment Comments remaining this hour: 10/10 Question 187 / 274 Not answered In an outpatient specialty clinic: a 63-year-old woman is evaluated for oliguria with rising creatinine in the context of diabetes. Which is the most appropriate next investigation? A. Urinalysis with microscopy B. Urine protein-to-creatinine ratio C. Serum potassium with ECG D. Kidney biopsy when indicated E. Autoimmune nephritic screen Show Answer & Explanation Correct Answer: E Explanation: Autoimmune nephritic screen is the most appropriate next test because it directly clarifies the leading diagnosis and guides immediate management in Nephrology. Reference: ASN/ERA Position Statements Comments & Discussion No comments yet. Be the first to comment! Your Name * Your Comment * (Max 200 chars) 200 characters remaining Post Comment Comments remaining this hour: 10/10 Question 188 / 274 Not answered During morning rounds: a 55-year-old man is evaluated for muscle weakness with peaked T waves in the context of recent nephrotoxin exposure. Which is the most appropriate next investigation? A. Autoimmune nephritic screen B. Urine protein-to-creatinine ratio C. Kidney biopsy when indicated D. Serum potassium with ECG E. Urinalysis with microscopy Show Answer & Explanation Correct Answer: D Explanation: Serum potassium with ECG is the most appropriate next test because it directly clarifies the leading diagnosis and guides immediate management in Nephrology. Reference: KDIGO AKI Guideline; Nephrology topic-specific current guideline update Comments & Discussion No comments yet. Be the first to comment! Your Name * Your Comment * (Max 200 chars) 200 characters remaining Post Comment Comments remaining this hour: 10/10 Question 189 / 274 Not answered At a preventive-care consultation: a 43-year-old man presents with muscle weakness with peaked T waves. Relevant risk context includes prostatic enlargement. What is the most likely diagnosis? A. Hyperkalemic emergency B. Acute kidney injury C. Rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis D. Obstructive uropathy E. Nephrotic syndrome Show Answer & Explanation Correct Answer: A Explanation: The pattern of muscle weakness with peaked T waves with risk factors such as prostatic enlargement is most consistent with Hyperkalemic emergency. This answer best matches the expected diagnostic framework for Nephrology. Reference: NICE CKD Guidance; Nephrology topic-specific current guideline update Comments & Discussion No comments yet. Be the first to comment! Your Name * Your Comment * (Max 200 chars) 200 characters remaining Post Comment Comments remaining this hour: 10/10 Question 190 / 274 Not answered At a preventive-care consultation: a 46-year-old man is evaluated for hydronephrosis with post-void retention in the context of recent nephrotoxin exposure. Which is the most appropriate next investigation? A. Urinalysis with microscopy B. Urine protein-to-creatinine ratio C. Serum potassium with ECG D. Autoimmune nephritic screen E. Renal ultrasound Show Answer & Explanation Correct Answer: B Explanation: Urine protein-to-creatinine ratio is the most appropriate next test because it directly clarifies the leading diagnosis and guides immediate management in Nephrology. Reference: NICE CKD Guidance; Nephrology topic-specific current guideline update Comments & Discussion No comments yet. Be the first to comment! Your Name * Your Comment * (Max 200 chars) 200 characters remaining Post Comment Comments remaining this hour: 10/10 Cancel « ← Previous Page 38 of 55 Next → »