Nephrology Board Exam Started: Jul 12, 2026 22:44 Page 51 of 55 Attempt #1224 Overall: 0 / 274 questions answered Question 251 / 274 Not answered In an emergency department assessment: a 55-year-old woman presents with hydronephrosis with post-void retention. Relevant risk context includes prostatic enlargement. What is the most likely diagnosis? A. Obstructive uropathy B. Chronic kidney disease progression C. Hyperkalemic emergency D. Nephrotic syndrome E. Rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis Show Answer & Explanation Correct Answer: D Explanation: The pattern of hydronephrosis with post-void retention with risk factors such as prostatic enlargement is most consistent with Nephrotic syndrome. This answer best matches the expected diagnostic framework for Nephrology. Reference: ASN/ERA Position Statements Comments & Discussion No comments yet. Be the first to comment! Your Name * Your Comment * (Max 200 chars) 200 characters remaining Post Comment Comments remaining this hour: 10/10 Question 252 / 274 Not answered In an emergency department assessment: a 51-year-old man has uremic symptoms with risk profile of long-standing hypertension. After initial stabilization and assessment, what is the most appropriate management step? A. Nephrotoxin avoidance strategy B. Urgent hyperkalemia stabilization protocol C. Renin-angiotensin system blockade when indicated D. Timely renal replacement therapy for urgent indications E. Volume status-guided AKI management Show Answer & Explanation Correct Answer: E Explanation: Volume status-guided AKI management is preferred because it aligns with guideline-based care priorities, reduces avoidable complications, and supports safe outcomes in Nephrology. Reference: KDIGO AKI Guideline; Nephrology topic-specific current guideline update Comments & Discussion No comments yet. Be the first to comment! Your Name * Your Comment * (Max 200 chars) 200 characters remaining Post Comment Comments remaining this hour: 10/10 Question 253 / 274 Not answered During ward handover: a 80-year-old woman presents with hematuria with RBC casts. Relevant risk context includes long-standing hypertension. What is the most likely diagnosis? A. Acute kidney injury B. Rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis C. Obstructive uropathy D. Chronic kidney disease progression E. Hyperkalemic emergency Show Answer & Explanation Correct Answer: A Explanation: The pattern of hematuria with RBC casts with risk factors such as long-standing hypertension is most consistent with Acute kidney injury. This answer best matches the expected diagnostic framework for Nephrology. Reference: NICE CKD Guidance; Nephrology topic-specific current guideline update Comments & Discussion No comments yet. Be the first to comment! Your Name * Your Comment * (Max 200 chars) 200 characters remaining Post Comment Comments remaining this hour: 10/10 Question 254 / 274 Not answered At a multidisciplinary case conference: a 30-year-old man presents with generalized edema with heavy proteinuria. Relevant risk context includes prostatic enlargement. What is the most likely diagnosis? A. Nephrotic syndrome B. Acute kidney injury C. Chronic kidney disease progression D. Hyperkalemic emergency E. Rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis Show Answer & Explanation Correct Answer: D Explanation: The pattern of generalized edema with heavy proteinuria with risk factors such as prostatic enlargement is most consistent with Hyperkalemic emergency. This answer best matches the expected diagnostic framework for Nephrology. Reference: KDIGO AKI Guideline; Nephrology topic-specific current guideline update Comments & Discussion No comments yet. Be the first to comment! Your Name * Your Comment * (Max 200 chars) 200 characters remaining Post Comment Comments remaining this hour: 10/10 Question 255 / 274 Not answered During morning rounds: a 24-year-old woman has hydronephrosis with post-void retention with risk profile of autoimmune disease. After initial stabilization and assessment, what is the most appropriate management step? A. Urgent hyperkalemia stabilization protocol B. Volume status-guided AKI management C. Timely renal replacement therapy for urgent indications D. Blood pressure optimization in CKD E. Renin-angiotensin system blockade when indicated Show Answer & Explanation Correct Answer: D Explanation: Blood pressure optimization in CKD is preferred because it aligns with guideline-based care priorities, reduces avoidable complications, and supports safe outcomes in Nephrology. Reference: KDIGO AKI Guideline; Nephrology topic-specific current guideline update Comments & Discussion No comments yet. Be the first to comment! Your Name * Your Comment * (Max 200 chars) 200 characters remaining Post Comment Comments remaining this hour: 10/10 Cancel « ← Previous Page 51 of 55 Next → »