Nephrology Board Exam Started: Jul 12, 2026 21:02 Page 53 of 55 Attempt #931 Overall: 0 / 274 questions answered Question 261 / 274 Not answered During ward handover: a 68-year-old man presents with hydronephrosis with post-void retention. Relevant risk context includes prostatic enlargement. What is the most likely diagnosis? A. Chronic kidney disease progression B. Acute kidney injury C. Nephrotic syndrome D. Rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis E. Hyperkalemic emergency Show Answer & Explanation Correct Answer: D Explanation: The pattern of hydronephrosis with post-void retention with risk factors such as prostatic enlargement is most consistent with Rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis. This answer best matches the expected diagnostic framework for Nephrology. Reference: KDIGO CKD Guideline; Nephrology topic-specific current guideline update Comments & Discussion No comments yet. Be the first to comment! Your Name * Your Comment * (Max 200 chars) 200 characters remaining Post Comment Comments remaining this hour: 10/10 Question 262 / 274 Not answered During ward handover: a 36-year-old woman presents with uremic symptoms. Relevant risk context includes volume depletion. What is the most likely diagnosis? A. Hyperkalemic emergency B. Acute kidney injury C. Nephrotic syndrome D. Rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis E. Obstructive uropathy Show Answer & Explanation Correct Answer: B Explanation: The pattern of uremic symptoms with risk factors such as volume depletion is most consistent with Acute kidney injury. This answer best matches the expected diagnostic framework for Nephrology. Reference: ASN/ERA Position Statements Comments & Discussion No comments yet. Be the first to comment! Your Name * Your Comment * (Max 200 chars) 200 characters remaining Post Comment Comments remaining this hour: 10/10 Question 263 / 274 Not answered At a multidisciplinary case conference: a 47-year-old man presents with hematuria with RBC casts. Relevant risk context includes prostatic enlargement. What is the most likely diagnosis? A. Acute kidney injury B. Hyperkalemic emergency C. Obstructive uropathy D. Nephrotic syndrome E. Rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis Show Answer & Explanation Correct Answer: B Explanation: The pattern of hematuria with RBC casts with risk factors such as prostatic enlargement is most consistent with Hyperkalemic emergency. This answer best matches the expected diagnostic framework for Nephrology. Reference: KDIGO AKI Guideline; Nephrology topic-specific current guideline update Comments & Discussion No comments yet. Be the first to comment! Your Name * Your Comment * (Max 200 chars) 200 characters remaining Post Comment Comments remaining this hour: 10/10 Question 264 / 274 Not answered In an emergency department assessment: a 77-year-old woman is evaluated for hydronephrosis with post-void retention in the context of volume depletion. Which is the most appropriate next investigation? A. Urinalysis with microscopy B. Urine protein-to-creatinine ratio C. Renal ultrasound D. Autoimmune nephritic screen E. Serum potassium with ECG Show Answer & Explanation Correct Answer: E Explanation: Serum potassium with ECG is the most appropriate next test because it directly clarifies the leading diagnosis and guides immediate management in Nephrology. Reference: KDIGO CKD Guideline; Nephrology topic-specific current guideline update Comments & Discussion No comments yet. Be the first to comment! Your Name * Your Comment * (Max 200 chars) 200 characters remaining Post Comment Comments remaining this hour: 10/10 Question 265 / 274 Not answered During morning rounds: a 75-year-old woman is evaluated for muscle weakness with peaked T waves in the context of volume depletion. Which is the most appropriate next investigation? A. Urinalysis with microscopy B. Serum potassium with ECG C. Urine protein-to-creatinine ratio D. Renal ultrasound E. Kidney biopsy when indicated Show Answer & Explanation Correct Answer: B Explanation: Serum potassium with ECG is the most appropriate next test because it directly clarifies the leading diagnosis and guides immediate management in Nephrology. Reference: KDIGO CKD Guideline; Nephrology topic-specific current guideline update Comments & Discussion No comments yet. Be the first to comment! Your Name * Your Comment * (Max 200 chars) 200 characters remaining Post Comment Comments remaining this hour: 10/10 Cancel « ← Previous Page 53 of 55 Next → »