Nephrology Board Exam Started: Jul 13, 2026 03:28 Page 48 of 55 Attempt #1839 Overall: 0 / 274 questions answered Question 236 / 274 Not answered In an emergency department assessment: a 59-year-old woman presents with muscle weakness with peaked T waves. Relevant risk context includes autoimmune disease. What is the most likely diagnosis? A. Acute kidney injury B. Hyperkalemic emergency C. Rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis D. Chronic kidney disease progression E. Nephrotic syndrome Show Answer & Explanation Correct Answer: C Explanation: The pattern of muscle weakness with peaked T waves with risk factors such as autoimmune disease is most consistent with Rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis. This answer best matches the expected diagnostic framework for Nephrology. Reference: ASN/ERA Position Statements Comments & Discussion No comments yet. Be the first to comment! Your Name * Your Comment * (Max 200 chars) 200 characters remaining Post Comment Comments remaining this hour: 10/10 Question 237 / 274 Not answered In an emergency department assessment: a 80-year-old man has hydronephrosis with post-void retention with risk profile of long-standing hypertension. After initial stabilization and assessment, what is the most appropriate management step? A. Urgent hyperkalemia stabilization protocol B. Renin-angiotensin system blockade when indicated C. Volume status-guided AKI management D. Nephrotoxin avoidance strategy E. Timely renal replacement therapy for urgent indications Show Answer & Explanation Correct Answer: B Explanation: Renin-angiotensin system blockade when indicated is preferred because it aligns with guideline-based care priorities, reduces avoidable complications, and supports safe outcomes in Nephrology. Reference: KDIGO AKI Guideline; Nephrology topic-specific current guideline update Comments & Discussion No comments yet. Be the first to comment! Your Name * Your Comment * (Max 200 chars) 200 characters remaining Post Comment Comments remaining this hour: 10/10 Question 238 / 274 Not answered During morning rounds: a 39-year-old woman is evaluated for uremic symptoms in the context of autoimmune disease. Which is the most appropriate next investigation? A. Serum potassium with ECG B. Renal ultrasound C. Urine protein-to-creatinine ratio D. Kidney biopsy when indicated E. Urinalysis with microscopy Show Answer & Explanation Correct Answer: D Explanation: Kidney biopsy when indicated is the most appropriate next test because it directly clarifies the leading diagnosis and guides immediate management in Nephrology. Reference: ASN/ERA Position Statements Comments & Discussion No comments yet. Be the first to comment! Your Name * Your Comment * (Max 200 chars) 200 characters remaining Post Comment Comments remaining this hour: 10/10 Question 239 / 274 Not answered In an emergency department assessment: a 60-year-old woman is evaluated for oliguria with rising creatinine in the context of autoimmune disease. Which is the most appropriate next investigation? A. Renal ultrasound B. Urinalysis with microscopy C. Serum potassium with ECG D. Kidney biopsy when indicated E. Autoimmune nephritic screen Show Answer & Explanation Correct Answer: D Explanation: Kidney biopsy when indicated is the most appropriate next test because it directly clarifies the leading diagnosis and guides immediate management in Nephrology. Reference: NICE CKD Guidance; Nephrology topic-specific current guideline update Comments & Discussion No comments yet. Be the first to comment! Your Name * Your Comment * (Max 200 chars) 200 characters remaining Post Comment Comments remaining this hour: 10/10 Question 240 / 274 Not answered In an outpatient specialty clinic: a 80-year-old man is evaluated for uremic symptoms in the context of recent nephrotoxin exposure. Which is the most appropriate next investigation? A. Urine protein-to-creatinine ratio B. Urinalysis with microscopy C. Renal ultrasound D. Kidney biopsy when indicated E. Autoimmune nephritic screen Show Answer & Explanation Correct Answer: D Explanation: Kidney biopsy when indicated is the most appropriate next test because it directly clarifies the leading diagnosis and guides immediate management in Nephrology. Reference: KDIGO CKD Guideline; Nephrology topic-specific current guideline update Comments & Discussion No comments yet. Be the first to comment! Your Name * Your Comment * (Max 200 chars) 200 characters remaining Post Comment Comments remaining this hour: 10/10 Cancel « ← Previous Page 48 of 55 Next → »